Read the case study and complete the whole lesson. Afterward, answer the questions related to the clinical case. This practical exercise will help you apply your newly acquired knowledge to real-world scenarios and improve your critical thinking skills.
Case study:
Mr. Charles Richardson, a 50-year-old man, sought medical advice due to persistent digestive problems. He reported experiencing abdominal discomfort, bloating, and irregular bowel movements over the past six months. These symptoms often occurred after meals and significantly affected his daily routine. Concerned about his health, Charles visited Dr. Thompson, a gastroenterologist. Dr. Thompson conducted a detailed assessment of Charles’ medical history and performed a thorough physical examination. During the examination, tenderness was noted in Charles’ abdominal region, especially on the left side. To determine the cause of Charles’ digestive problems, Dr. Thompson recommended gastrointestinal endoscopy and a series of blood tests. Charles underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and a series of blood tests. The endoscopy revealed signs of inflammation in the lining of his stomach, while blood tests indicated elevated levels of white blood cells and the presence of H. pylori antibodies. Following the diagnostic tests, Dr. Thompson diagnosed Charles with gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining. He explained that gastritis can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infections, excessive alcohol consumption, or the prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In Charles’ case, Dr. Thompson suspected the condition might have been triggered by stress and an unhealthy diet. As part of the treatment plan, Dr. Thompson prescribed PPIs and antibiotics to alleviate Charles’ symptoms and suggested dietary modifications. He advised Charles to avoid spicy and acidic foods, alcohol, and NSAIDs. Additionally, he recommended incorporating probiotics and fiber-rich foods into his diet to promote digestive health. Dr. Thompson emphasized the importance of managing stress through relaxation techniques.
Upon completing the lesson return to the case study and answer the following questions related to the provided scenario.
Table 1: Prefixes
Prefix | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
Dia- | Through, across | Diarrhea (through the bowels) |
Dys- | Difficult, painful, faulty | Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) |
Hyper- | Excessive, above normal | Hyperchlorhydria (excessive stomach acid) |
Hypo- | Below normal, deficient | Hypochloremia (low blood chloride) |
Table 2: Combining Forms
Combining Form | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
Gastr/o | Stomach | Gastroscopy (examination of the stomach) |
Enter/o | Intestine | Enteritis (inflammation of the intestine) |
Hepat/o | Liver | Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) |
Chol/e | Bile | Cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder) |
Table 3: Suffixes
Suffix | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
-pepsia | Digestion | Dyspepsia (indigestion) |
-ase | Enzyme | Amylase (enzyme that breaks down starch) |
-emesis | Vomiting | Hyperemesis (excessive vomiting) |
-orexia | Appetite | Anorexia (loss of appetite) |