Tooltip
.tooltip {
position: relative;
cursor: pointer;
text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 1px dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
.tooltip::before {
content: attr(data-tooltip);
position: absolute;
top: -40px; /* Trochę niżej nad słowem */
left: 50%; /* Wyśrodkowanie */
transform: translateX(-50%);
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
color: #333;
padding: 6px 12px;
border-radius: 8px;
white-space: nowrap;
opacity: 0;
visibility: hidden;
transition: opacity 0.3s ease, visibility 0.3s ease;
font-family: ‘Arial’, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0px 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
z-index: 10;
}
.tooltip:hover::before {
opacity: 1;
visibility: visible;
}
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, function () {
const wordsToTooltip = {
“Neurodegenerative diseases”: “Choroby neurodegeneracyjne”,
“Nervous system”: “Układ nerwowy”,
“Cognitive impairments”: “Zaburzenia poznawcze”,
“Motor impairments”: “Zaburzenia ruchowe”,
“Alzheimer’s Disease”: “Choroba Alzheimera”,
“Dementia”: “Otępienie”,
“Cognitive decline”: “Pogorszenie funkcji poznawczych”,
“Memory loss”: “Utrata pamięci”,
“Behavioral changes”: “Zmiany behawioralne”,
“Personality changes”: “Zmiany osobowości”,
“Amyloid plaques”: “Płytki amyloidowe”,
“Neurofibrillary tangles”: “Sploty neurofibrylarne”,
“Amyloid-beta protein”: “Białko amyloid-beta”,
“Tau protein”: “Białko tau”,
“Hippocampus”: “Hipokamp”,
“Cerebral cortex”: “Kora mózgowa”,
“Confusion”: “Splątanie”,
“Disorientation”: “Dezorientacja”,
“Impaired judgment”: “Upośledzony osąd”,
“Activities of daily living”: “Czynności życia codziennego”,
“Risk Factors”: “Czynniki ryzyka”,
“APOE ε4 allele”: “Allel APOE ε4”,
“Genetic mutations”: “Mutacje genetyczne”,
“Pharmacotherapy”: “Farmakoterapia”,
“Cholinesterase inhibitors”: “Inhibitory cholinesterazy”,
“Donepezil”: “Donepezil”,
“NMDA receptor antagonists”: “Antagoniści receptorów NMDA”,
“Memantine”: “Memantyna”,
“Cognitive training”: “Trening poznawczy”,
“Supportive care”: “Opieka wspomagająca”,
“Sedentary lifestyle”: “Siedzący tryb życia”,
“Cardiovascular health”: “Zdrowie sercowo-naczyniowe”,
“Parkinson’s Disease”: “Choroba Parkinsona”,
“Dopamine-producing neurons”: “Neurony produkujące dopaminę”,
“Substantia nigra”: “Istota czarna”,
“Motor control”: “Kontrola ruchów”,
“Tremors”: “Drżenia”,
“Resting tremors”: “Drżenia spoczynkowe”,
“Bradykinesia”: “Spowolnienie ruchowe”,
“Rigidity”: “Sztywność”,
“Postural instability”: “Niestabilność postawy”,
“Depression”: “Depresja”,
“Anxiety”: “Lęk”,
“Sleep disturbances”: “Zaburzenia snu”,
“Cognitive changes”: “Zmiany poznawcze”,
“Levodopa”: “Lewodopa”,
“Carbidopa”: “Karbidopa”,
“Dopamine agonists”: “Agoniści dopaminy”,
“MAO-B inhibitors”: “Inhibitory MAO-B”,
“Physical therapy”: “Fizjoterapia”,
“Exercise programs”: “Programy ćwiczeń”,
“Deep brain stimulation”: “Głęboka stymulacja mózgu”,
“Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”: “Stwardnienie zanikowe boczne”,
“Lou Gehrig’s disease”: “Choroba Lou Gehriga”,
“Motor neurons”: “Neurony ruchowe”,
“Muscle weakness”: “Osłabienie mięśni”,
“Atrophy”: “Zanik”,
“Dysphagia”: “Dysfagia”,
“Dyspnea”: “Duszność”,
“Muscle cramps”: “Skurcze mięśni”,
“Fasciculations”: “Fascykulacje”,
“Frontotemporal dementia”: “Otępienie czołowo-skroniowe”,
“Electromyography”: “Elektromiografia”,
“Nerve conduction studies”: “Badania przewodnictwa nerwowego”,
“MRI”: “Rezonans magnetyczny”,
“Riluzole”: “Ryluzol”,
“Edaravone”: “Edarawon”,
“Palliative care”: “Opieka paliatywna”,
“Respiratory failure”: “Niewydolność oddechowa”,
“Neurological consultation”: “Konsultacja neurologiczna”,
“Multiple Sclerosis”: “Stwardnienie rozsiane”,
“Autoimmune disease”: “Choroba autoimmunologiczna”,
“Demyelination”: “Demielinizacja”,
“Relapsing-remitting MS”: “Postać rzutowo-remisyjna”,
“Progressive MS”: “Postać postępująca”,
“Visual disturbances”: “Zaburzenia widzenia”,
“Sensory changes”: “Zaburzenia czuciowe”,
“Fatigue”: “Zmęczenie”,
“Coordination difficulties”: “Trudności z koordynacją”,
“Balance difficulties”: “Problemy z równowagą”,
“Disease-Modifying Therapies”: “Terapie modyfikujące przebieg choroby”,
“Interferon beta”: “Interferon beta”,
“Glatiramer acetate”: “Octan glatirameru”,
“Corticosteroids”: “Kortykosteroidy”,
“Spasticity”: “Spastyczność”,
“Neuropathic pain”: “Ból neuropatyczny”,
“Tabes dorsalis”: “Wiąd rdzenia”,
“Occupational therapy”: “Terapia zajęciowa”,
“Huntington’s Disease”: “Choroba Huntingtona”,
“HTT gene”: “Gen HTT”,
“CAG repeat”: “Powtórzenie CAG”,
“Huntingtin protein”: “Białko huntingtyny”,
“Chorea”: “Pląsawica”,
“Psychiatric disturbances”: “Zaburzenia psychiatryczne”,
“Mood swings”: “Wahania nastroju”,
“Depression”: “Depresja”,
“Cognitive decline”: “Spadek funkcji poznawczych”,
“Genetic testing”: “Badania genetyczne”,
“Family history”: “Wywiad rodzinny”,
“Neuroimaging”: “Neuroobrazowanie”,
“Tetrabenazine”: “Tetrabenazyna”,
“Antidepressants”: “Leki przeciwdepresyjne”,
“Behavioral interventions”: “Interwencje behawioralne”,
“Genetic counseling”: “Poradnictwo genetyczne”,
“Supportive care”: “Opieka wspomagająca”,
“Atrophy”: “Zanik”,
“Brain regions”: “Obszary mózgu”,
“Progressive and Fatal”: “Postępująca i śmiertelna”,
“Prognosis”: “Rokowanie”,
“Life expectancy”: “Przewidywana długość życia”,
“Neurologists”: “Neurolodzy”,
“Psychologists”: “Psycholodzy”,
“Social workers”: “Pracownicy socjalni”
};
// Normalize keys in the dictionary
const normalizedWordsToTooltip = {};
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(wordsToTooltip)) {
const cleanedKey = key.replace(/(.*?)/g, ”).trim(); // Remove anything in parentheses
normalizedWordsToTooltip[cleanedKey.toLowerCase()] = value;
}
function processNode(node) {
if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE && node.nodeValue.trim()) {
let content = node.nodeValue;
// Regex to match only the main words (ignores parentheses)
const regex = new RegExp(
`b(${Object.keys(normalizedWordsToTooltip).join(‘|’)})b`,
‘gi’
);
if (regex.test(content)) {
const wrapper = document.createElement(‘span’);
wrapper.innerHTML = content.replace(regex, (match) => {
const tooltip = normalizedWordsToTooltip[match.toLowerCase().trim()];
return `
${match}`;
});
node.replaceWith(wrapper);
}
} else if (node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(processNode);
}
}
document.querySelectorAll(‘body *:not(script):not(style)’).forEach((element) => {
Array.from(element.childNodes).forEach(processNode);
});
});
Szacowany czas lekcji:
15 minut
.lesson-duration-container {
background-color: #f0f4f8; /* Szarawe tło dopasowane do reszty strony */
padding: 8px 15px; /* Wewnętrzny odstęp */
border-radius: 8px; /* Zaokrąglone rogi */
font-family: ‘Roboto’, Arial, sans-serif; /* Czcionka Roboto, jeśli dostępna */
font-size: 16px; /* Rozmiar tekstu */
color: #6c757d; /* Ciemny szary kolor tekstu */
display: inline-block; /* Wyświetlanie jako element blokowy */
margin-bottom: 20px; /* Odstęp na dole */
border: none; /* Bez obramowania */
}
.lesson-duration-label {
font-weight: 700; /* Pogrubienie dla etykiety */
color: #6c757d; /* Ciemny szary kolor dla etykiety */
margin-right: 5px; /* Odstęp od wartości */
}
.lesson-duration-value {
color: #6c757d; /* Ciemny szary kolor dla wartości */
font-weight: 700; /* Pogrubienie dla wartości */
}
Podświetlanie tekstu z notatkami
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
.highlight {
background-color: #cce7ff; /* Highlight color without notes */
position: relative;
display: inline;
}
.highlight.with-note {
background-color: #ffeb3b; /* Highlight color with notes */
}
.note-box {
position: absolute;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: #333;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 1.6;
padding: 10px 15px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
max-width: 250px;
z-index: 1000;
white-space: normal;
text-align: left;
display: none; /* Hidden by default */
}
.note-controls {
position: absolute;
top: -30px;
right: -30px;
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
z-index: 10;
opacity: 0;
pointer-events: none;
transition: opacity 0.3s;
}
.note-controls.visible {
opacity: 1;
pointer-events: all;
}
.note-controls span {
cursor: pointer;
background-color: gray;
color: white;
padding: 5px 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
}
.note-controls span:hover {
background-color: darkgray;
}
document.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”, () => {
/**
* Checks if an element is a header.
*/
const isHeaderElement = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.tagName.match(/^H[1-5]$/)) {
return true;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return false;
};
/**
* Checks if an element is inside a table cell.
*/
const isInsideTable = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.tagName === “TD” || node.tagName === “TH”) {
return node;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return null;
};
/**
* Checks if an element belongs to the same list item.
*/
const isWithinSameListItem = (selection) => {
if (selection.rangeCount === 0) return false;
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
const startContainer = range.startContainer;
const endContainer = range.endContainer;
const getClosestListItem = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.tagName === “LI”) {
return node;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return null;
};
const startListItem = getClosestListItem(startContainer);
const endListItem = getClosestListItem(endContainer);
// Ensure selection is within the same list item
return startListItem === endListItem;
};
/**
* Validates the selection.
* Ensures the selection is within a single header, table cell, or list item.
*/
const isSelectionValid = (selection) => {
if (selection.rangeCount === 0) return false;
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
const startContainer = range.startContainer;
const endContainer = range.endContainer;
const startInHeader = isHeaderElement(startContainer);
const endInHeader = isHeaderElement(endContainer);
// Block selection spanning headers
if (startInHeader !== endInHeader) {
return false;
}
const startCell = isInsideTable(startContainer);
const endCell = isInsideTable(endContainer);
// Block selection spanning table cells
if (startCell && endCell && startCell !== endCell) {
return false;
}
// Block selection spanning multiple list items
if (!isWithinSameListItem(selection)) {
return false;
}
return true;
};
/**
* Highlights the selected text.
*/
const wrapTextWithHighlight = (range) => {
const fragment = range.extractContents();
const highlight = document.createElement(“span”);
highlight.className = “highlight”;
highlight.appendChild(fragment);
range.insertNode(highlight);
const noteControls = document.createElement(“div”);
noteControls.className = “note-controls visible”;
const editNote = document.createElement(“span”);
editNote.textContent = “✎”;
editNote.title = “Edit note”;
noteControls.appendChild(editNote);
const removeHighlight = document.createElement(“span”);
removeHighlight.textContent = “x”;
removeHighlight.title = “Remove highlight”;
noteControls.appendChild(removeHighlight);
highlight.style.position = “relative”;
highlight.appendChild(noteControls);
let noteBox = null;
const updateNotePosition = () => {
const rect = highlight.getBoundingClientRect();
if (noteBox) {
noteBox.style.top = `${rect.height}px`;
noteBox.style.left = `${rect.width / 2}px`;
}
};
const hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay = () => {
setTimeout(() => {
noteControls.classList.remove(“visible”);
if (noteBox) noteBox.style.display = “none”;
}, 3000);
};
// Show controls for 3 seconds after highlighting
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
highlight.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
noteControls.classList.add(“visible”);
if (noteBox) noteBox.style.display = “block”;
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
});
editNote.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
const noteText = prompt(“Add or edit a note:”, noteBox?.textContent || “”);
if (noteText) {
if (!noteBox) {
noteBox = document.createElement(“div”);
noteBox.className = “note-box”;
highlight.appendChild(noteBox);
}
noteBox.textContent = noteText;
noteBox.style.display = “block”;
highlight.classList.add(“with-note”);
updateNotePosition();
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
}
});
removeHighlight.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
const parent = highlight.parentNode;
while (highlight.firstChild) {
parent.insertBefore(highlight.firstChild, highlight);
}
parent.removeChild(highlight);
if (noteBox) noteBox.remove();
});
};
/**
* Handles the mouseup event to validate and apply highlighting.
*/
document.body.addEventListener(“mouseup”, () => {
const selection = window.getSelection();
if (selection.rangeCount > 0 && selection.toString().trim()) {
if (!isSelectionValid(selection)) {
alert(“Zaznaczenie musi być w obrębie jednego akapitu, komórki tabeli lub punktu listy!”);
selection.removeAllRanges();
return;
}
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
wrapTextWithHighlight(range);
selection.removeAllRanges();
}
});
});
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. These diseases often lead to significant cognitive and motor impairments, affecting daily activities and quality of life.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and changes in behavior and personality. It typically affects older adults but can occur in younger individuals as well.
Pathophysiology
The disease is marked by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Amyloid-beta protein aggregates form plaques that disrupt cell communication, while tau protein forms tangles inside neurons, leading to cell death. This neurodegeneration primarily affects areas of the brain involved in memory and cognition, such as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
Clinical Symptoms
- Early symptoms include mild memory loss and difficulty in finding words.
- As the disease progresses, individuals may experience confusion, disorientation, impaired judgment, and difficulty with activities of daily living.
- Advanced stages can lead to severe cognitive impairment, inability to communicate, and loss of bodily functions.
Risk Factors
- Age: The greatest risk factor, with most cases occurring in individuals over 65.
- Genetics: Family history and specific genetic mutations (e.g., APOE ε4 allele) increase the risk.
- Lifestyle Factors: Sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and poor cardiovascular health may contribute to risk.
Management Strategies:
- Pharmacotherapy: Medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil) and NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine) can help manage symptoms.
- Cognitive Training: Engaging in cognitive activities may slow progression.
- Supportive Care: Providing assistance with daily activities, creating a safe environment, and involving caregivers are essential components of management.
Prognosis
- Variable Outcomes: The prognosis for Alzheimer’s Disease varies widely among individuals. With appropriate treatment, individuals can experience a slower progression of symptoms. The average survival after diagnosis is typically around 4 to 8 years, but some individuals may live up to 20 years or more, particularly with early intervention and supportive care.
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement. It results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a critical area of the brain involved in motor control.
Etiology
The exact cause of PD is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins.
Clinical Features
- Motor Symptoms:
- Tremors: Resting tremors are often the first symptom noticed.
- Bradykinesia: Slowness of movement, making daily activities more challenging.
- Rigidity: Stiffness in the limbs and trunk can cause discomfort and reduced range of motion.
- Postural Instability: Difficulty maintaining balance increases the risk of falls.
- Non-Motor Symptoms:
- Depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cognitive changes can significantly affect quality of life.
Treatment Options
- Pharmacotherapy: Levodopa, often combined with carbidopa, is the most effective treatment for motor symptoms. Dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors may also be used.
- Physical Therapy: Exercise programs can help improve mobility, balance, and overall function.
- Surgical Options: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be considered for individuals with severe motor symptoms unresponsive to medication.
Prognosis
- Generally Good with Treatment: While PD is a progressive disease, individuals can often manage symptoms effectively with appropriate treatment. The average life expectancy for people with Parkinson’s is similar to that of the general population, with many patients living for 15 years or more after diagnosis. However, the disease can lead to complications that may impact quality of life.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The exact cause remains largely unknown, although both genetic and environmental factors may play a role.
Symptoms
- Initial symptoms often include muscle weakness and atrophy, which can lead to difficulties in speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
- Patients may experience muscle cramps, stiffness, and fasciculations (muscle twitches).
- Cognitive function typically remains intact, but some individuals may experience frontotemporal dementia.
Diagnostic Approaches:
- Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on history and physical examination.
- Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies can help confirm the diagnosis by demonstrating muscle denervation and reduced nerve conduction velocity.
- Imaging studies, such as MRI, may be used to rule out other conditions.
Current Management Strategies
- Pharmacotherapy: Riluzole is the only FDA-approved drug that can slow the progression of ALS. Edaravone may also provide benefits in certain patients.
- Symptomatic Care: Multidisciplinary approaches involving neurologists, respiratory therapists, and nutritionists are essential for managing symptoms and maintaining quality of life.
- Supportive Care: Palliative care and assistance with daily activities are crucial for individuals with advanced disease.
Prognosis
- Poor with Progressive Course: The prognosis for ALS is generally poor, with most individuals surviving 3 to 5 years after diagnosis due to respiratory failure or complications. However, approximately 10% of patients may survive for 10 years or more, particularly those with slower disease progression.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. It can present in various forms, including relapsing-remitting MS and progressive MS.
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and viral infections.
Symptoms
- Initial symptoms may include visual disturbances, sensory changes, and motor weakness.
- As the disease progresses, individuals may experience fatigue, cognitive changes, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
Treatment Options
- Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs): Medications such as interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, and newer oral therapies aim to reduce relapse rates and slow disease progression.
- Symptomatic Management: Corticosteroids may be used for acute relapses, while symptomatic treatments can address fatigue, spasticity, and pain.
- Rehabilitation: Physical and occupational therapy can help individuals maintain function and quality of life.
Prognosis
- Variable Outcomes: The prognosis for MS varies widely based on factors such as age at onset, disease type, and treatment response. With early diagnosis and effective treatment, many individuals can maintain a good quality of life. The 10-year survival rate for people with MS is approximately 90%, but about 50% of individuals may require assistance with daily activities within 15 years of diagnosis.
Huntington’s Disease
Huntington’s Disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It is caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the HTT gene, leading to abnormal huntingtin protein accumulation.
Clinical Features
- Symptoms typically begin in mid-adulthood and include chorea (involuntary movements), psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline.
- Patients may experience mood swings, depression, and difficulty with planning and organizing.
Diagnostic Criteria
- Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and genetic testing for the HTT gene mutation.
- Neuroimaging (e.g., MRI) may reveal atrophy of specific brain regions.
Management Approaches
- Symptomatic Treatment: Medications such as tetrabenazine can help manage chorea, while antidepressants may address mood disturbances.
- Supportive Care: Multidisciplinary approaches involving neurologists, psychologists, and social workers can provide comprehensive care.
- Genetic Counseling: Individuals at risk for Huntington’s may benefit from genetic counseling and support.
Prognosis:
- Progressive and Fatal: Huntington’s Disease has a progressive course, with a typical life expectancy of 15 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms. The prognosis varies depending on the age of onset and the severity of symptoms, with earlier onset often leading to a more severe disease course.