Tooltip
.tooltip {
position: relative;
cursor: pointer;
text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 1px dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
.tooltip::before {
content: attr(data-tooltip);
position: absolute;
top: -40px; /* Trochę niżej nad słowem */
left: 50%; /* Wyśrodkowanie */
transform: translateX(-50%);
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
color: #333;
padding: 6px 12px;
border-radius: 8px;
white-space: nowrap;
opacity: 0;
visibility: hidden;
transition: opacity 0.3s ease, visibility 0.3s ease;
font-family: ‘Arial’, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0px 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
z-index: 10;
}
.tooltip:hover::before {
opacity: 1;
visibility: visible;
}
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, function () {
const wordsToTooltip = {
“Erectile Dysfunction (ED)”: “Zaburzenia erekcji (ED)”,
“Erectile dysfunction”: “Zaburzenia erekcji”,
“Satisfactory sexual performance”: “Satysfakcjonujące współżycie seksualne”,
“Vascular Causes”: “Przyczyny naczyniowe”,
“Atherosclerosis”: “Miażdżyca”,
“Hypertension”: “Nadciśnienie”,
“Diabetes”: “Cukrzyca”,
“Neurological Disorders”: “Choroby neurologiczne”,
“Multiple sclerosis”: “Stwardnienie rozsiane”,
“Parkinson’s disease”: “Choroba Parkinsona”,
“Spinal cord injuries”: “Urazy rdzenia kręgowego”,
“Psychological Factors”: “Czynniki psychologiczne”,
“Stress”: “Stres”,
“Anxiety”: “Lęk”,
“Depression”: “Depresja”,
“Lifestyle Factors”: “Czynniki związane ze stylem życia”,
“Smoking”: “Palenie papierosów”,
“Excessive alcohol consumption”: “Nadmierne spożycie alkoholu”,
“Obesity”: “Otyłość”,
“Sedentary lifestyle”: “Siedzący tryb życia”,
“Medications”: “Leki”,
“Antihypertensives”: “Leki na nadciśnienie”,
“Antidepressants”: “Leki przeciwdepresyjne”,
“Antipsychotics”: “Leki przeciwpsychotyczne”,
“Nitric oxide (NO)”: “Tlenek azotu (NO)”,
“Smooth muscles”: “Mięśnie gładkie”,
“Penile arteries”: “Tętnice prącia”,
“Corpora cavernosa”: “Ciała jamiste”,
“Inability to Achieve an Erection”: “Niemożność uzyskania erekcji”,
“Difficulty Maintaining an Erection”: “Trudności w utrzymaniu erekcji”,
“Reduced Sexual Desire”: “Obniżone pożądanie seksualne”,
“Medical and Sexual History”: “Historia medyczna i seksualna”,
“Psychogenic causes”: “Przyczyny psychogenne”,
“Organic causes”: “Przyczyny organiczne”,
“Physical Examination”: “Badanie fizykalne”,
“Peyronie’s disease”: “Choroba Peyroniego”,
“Hypogonadism”: “Hipogonadyzm”,
“Blood Tests”: “Badania krwi”,
“Hormone levels”: “Poziomy hormonów”,
“Lipid profile”: “Profil lipidowy”,
“Glucose levels”: “Poziomy glukozy”,
“Nocturnal Penile Tumescence (NPT) Test”: “Test nocnych wzwodów prącia (NPT)”,
“Duplex Ultrasound”: “Ultrasonografia Dopplerowska”,
“Lifestyle Modifications”: “Zmiany stylu życia”,
“Weight loss”: “Utrata masy ciała”,
“Exercise”: “Ćwiczenia fizyczne”,
“Smoking cessation”: “Rzucenie palenia”,
“Limiting alcohol intake”: “Ograniczenie spożycia alkoholu”,
“Oral Medications”: “Leki doustne”,
“Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors”: “Inhibitory fosfodiesterazy typu 5 (PDE5)”,
“Sildenafil (Viagra)”: “Sildenafil (Viagra)”,
“Tadalafil (Cialis)”: “Tadalafil (Cialis)”,
“Injection Therapy”: “Terapia iniekcyjna”,
“Intracavernosal injections”: “Iniekcje do ciał jamistych”,
“Alprostadil”: “Alprostadil”,
“Vacuum Erection Devices”: “Urządzenia próżniowe wspomagające erekcję”,
“Surgical Options”: “Opcje chirurgiczne”,
“Penile Implants”: “Protezy prącia”,
“Vascular Surgery”: “Chirurgia naczyniowa”,
“Chronic health issues”: “Przewlekłe problemy zdrowotne”,
“Peyronie’s Disease”: “Choroba Peyroniego”,
“Fibrous scar tissue”: “Włóknista blizna”,
“Penile curvature”: “Krzywizna prącia”,
“Psychological distress”: “Psychiczny dyskomfort”,
“Genetic Predisposition”: “Predyspozycja genetyczna”,
“Dupuytren’s contracture”: “Przykurcz Dupuytrena”,
“Tunica albuginea”: “Błona biaława”,
“Fibrous plaques”: “Blaszki włókniste”,
“Penile Shortening”: “Skrócenie prącia”,
“Ultrasound”: “Ultrasonografia”,
“Penile Measurements”: “Pomiar prącia”,
“Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex)”: “Kolagenaza Clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex)”,
“Nesbit Procedure”: “Procedura Nesbita”,
“Plaque Incision or Excision with Grafting”: “Nacięcie lub wycięcie płytki z przeszczepem”,
“Prostate Cancer”: “Rak prostaty”,
“Peripheral zone”: “Strefa obwodowa”,
“Androgens”: “Androgeny”,
“Localized growth”: “Miejscowy wzrost”,
“Urinary Symptoms”: “Objawy ze strony układu moczowego”,
“Urinary frequency”: “Częstomocz”,
“Urgency”: “Nagłe parcie”,
“Nocturia”: “Nykturia”,
“Weak stream”: “Słaby strumień moczu”,
“Difficulty starting urination”: “Trudności z rozpoczęciem oddawania moczu”,
“Hematuria”: “Krew w moczu (hematuria)”,
“Bone pain”: “Ból kości”,
“Weight loss”: “Utrata masy ciała”,
“Fatigue”: “Zmęczenie”,
“Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)”: “Badanie per rectum (DRE)”,
“Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test”: “Test na swoisty antygen sterczowy (PSA)”,
“Biopsy”: “Biopsja”,
“MRI”: “Rezonans magnetyczny (MRI)”,
“Bone scans”: “Scyntygrafia kości”,
“Active Surveillance”: “Aktywna obserwacja”,
“Radical Prostatectomy”: “Radykalna prostatektomia”,
“Radiation Therapy”: “Radioterapia”,
“External beam radiation”: “Radioterapia wiązką zewnętrzną”,
“Brachytherapy”: “Brachyterapia”,
“Hormone Therapy”: “Terapia hormonalna”,
“Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)”: “Terapia deprywacji androgenów (ADT)”,
“Chemotherapy”: “Chemioterapia”,
“Immunotherapy”: “Immunoterapia”
};
// Normalize keys in the dictionary
const normalizedWordsToTooltip = {};
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(wordsToTooltip)) {
const cleanedKey = key.replace(/(.*?)/g, ”).trim(); // Remove anything in parentheses
normalizedWordsToTooltip[cleanedKey.toLowerCase()] = value;
}
function processNode(node) {
if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE && node.nodeValue.trim()) {
let content = node.nodeValue;
// Regex to match only the main words (ignores parentheses)
const regex = new RegExp(
`b(${Object.keys(normalizedWordsToTooltip).join(‘|’)})b`,
‘gi’
);
if (regex.test(content)) {
const wrapper = document.createElement(‘span’);
wrapper.innerHTML = content.replace(regex, (match) => {
const tooltip = normalizedWordsToTooltip[match.toLowerCase().trim()];
return `
${match}`;
});
node.replaceWith(wrapper);
}
} else if (node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(processNode);
}
}
document.querySelectorAll(‘body *:not(script):not(style)’).forEach((element) => {
Array.from(element.childNodes).forEach(processNode);
});
});
Podświetlanie tekstu z notatkami
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
.highlight {
background-color: #cce7ff; /* Highlight color without notes */
position: relative;
display: inline;
}
.highlight.with-note {
background-color: #ffeb3b; /* Highlight color with notes */
}
.note-box {
position: absolute;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: #333;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 1.6;
padding: 10px 15px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
max-width: 250px;
z-index: 1000;
white-space: normal;
text-align: left;
display: none; /* Hidden by default */
}
.note-controls {
position: absolute;
top: -30px;
right: -30px;
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
z-index: 10;
opacity: 0;
pointer-events: none;
transition: opacity 0.3s;
}
.note-controls.visible {
opacity: 1;
pointer-events: all;
}
.note-controls span {
cursor: pointer;
background-color: gray;
color: white;
padding: 5px 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
}
.note-controls span:hover {
background-color: darkgray;
}
document.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”, () => {
/**
* Checks if an element is a header.
*/
const isHeaderElement = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.tagName.match(/^H[1-5]$/)) {
return true;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return false;
};
/**
* Checks if an element is inside a table cell.
*/
const isInsideTable = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.tagName === “TD” || node.tagName === “TH”) {
return node;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return null;
};
/**
* Checks if an element belongs to the same list item.
*/
const isWithinSameListItem = (selection) => {
if (selection.rangeCount === 0) return false;
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
const startContainer = range.startContainer;
const endContainer = range.endContainer;
const getClosestListItem = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.tagName === “LI”) {
return node;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return null;
};
const startListItem = getClosestListItem(startContainer);
const endListItem = getClosestListItem(endContainer);
// Ensure selection is within the same list item
return startListItem === endListItem;
};
/**
* Validates the selection.
* Ensures the selection is within a single header, table cell, or list item.
*/
const isSelectionValid = (selection) => {
if (selection.rangeCount === 0) return false;
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
const startContainer = range.startContainer;
const endContainer = range.endContainer;
const startInHeader = isHeaderElement(startContainer);
const endInHeader = isHeaderElement(endContainer);
// Block selection spanning headers
if (startInHeader !== endInHeader) {
return false;
}
const startCell = isInsideTable(startContainer);
const endCell = isInsideTable(endContainer);
// Block selection spanning table cells
if (startCell && endCell && startCell !== endCell) {
return false;
}
// Block selection spanning multiple list items
if (!isWithinSameListItem(selection)) {
return false;
}
return true;
};
/**
* Highlights the selected text.
*/
const wrapTextWithHighlight = (range) => {
const fragment = range.extractContents();
const highlight = document.createElement(“span”);
highlight.className = “highlight”;
highlight.appendChild(fragment);
range.insertNode(highlight);
const noteControls = document.createElement(“div”);
noteControls.className = “note-controls visible”;
const editNote = document.createElement(“span”);
editNote.textContent = “✎”;
editNote.title = “Edit note”;
noteControls.appendChild(editNote);
const removeHighlight = document.createElement(“span”);
removeHighlight.textContent = “x”;
removeHighlight.title = “Remove highlight”;
noteControls.appendChild(removeHighlight);
highlight.style.position = “relative”;
highlight.appendChild(noteControls);
let noteBox = null;
const updateNotePosition = () => {
const rect = highlight.getBoundingClientRect();
if (noteBox) {
noteBox.style.top = `${rect.height}px`;
noteBox.style.left = `${rect.width / 2}px`;
}
};
const hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay = () => {
setTimeout(() => {
noteControls.classList.remove(“visible”);
if (noteBox) noteBox.style.display = “none”;
}, 3000);
};
// Show controls for 3 seconds after highlighting
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
highlight.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
noteControls.classList.add(“visible”);
if (noteBox) noteBox.style.display = “block”;
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
});
editNote.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
const noteText = prompt(“Add or edit a note:”, noteBox?.textContent || “”);
if (noteText) {
if (!noteBox) {
noteBox = document.createElement(“div”);
noteBox.className = “note-box”;
highlight.appendChild(noteBox);
}
noteBox.textContent = noteText;
noteBox.style.display = “block”;
highlight.classList.add(“with-note”);
updateNotePosition();
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
}
});
removeHighlight.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
const parent = highlight.parentNode;
while (highlight.firstChild) {
parent.insertBefore(highlight.firstChild, highlight);
}
parent.removeChild(highlight);
if (noteBox) noteBox.remove();
});
};
/**
* Handles the mouseup event to validate and apply highlighting.
*/
document.body.addEventListener(“mouseup”, () => {
const selection = window.getSelection();
if (selection.rangeCount > 0 && selection.toString().trim()) {
if (!isSelectionValid(selection)) {
alert(“Zaznaczenie musi być w obrębie jednego akapitu, komórki tabeli lub punktu listy!”);
selection.removeAllRanges();
return;
}
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
wrapTextWithHighlight(range);
selection.removeAllRanges();
}
});
});
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It is a common condition that can affect men of all ages but becomes increasingly prevalent with age.
Etiology and Risk Factors
- Vascular Causes: Conditions like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes can impair blood flow to the penis.
- Neurological Disorders: Diseases like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injuries can disrupt nerve signals essential for an erection.
- Psychological Factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can contribute to or exacerbate ED.
- Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of ED.
- Medications: Certain drugs, including antihypertensives, antidepressants, and antipsychotics, can cause or worsen ED.
Pathophysiology
Erectile dysfunction occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the penis, inadequate nerve signaling, or both. During sexual arousal, the release of nitric oxide (NO) leads to the relaxation of smooth muscles in the penile arteries, allowing blood to fill the corpora cavernosa. If this process is disrupted at any point—whether due to vascular, neurological, or psychological factors—an erection may be insufficient or unsustainable.
Clinical Manifestations
- Inability to Achieve an Erection: The primary symptom of ED.
- Difficulty Maintaining an Erection: Even if an erection is achieved, it may not last long enough for sexual intercourse.
- Reduced Sexual Desire: Often associated with ED, particularly when psychological factors are involved.
Diagnostic Approach
- Medical and Sexual History: To assess potential contributing factors and differentiate between psychogenic and organic causes.
- Physical Examination: To identify underlying conditions like Peyronie’s disease or hypogonadism.
- Blood Tests: To evaluate hormone levels (e.g., testosterone), lipid profile, and glucose levels.
- Nocturnal Penile Tumescence (NPT) Test: To determine whether normal erections occur during sleep, suggesting a psychogenic cause.
- Duplex Ultrasound: Used to assess blood flow to the penis.
Treatment
- Lifestyle Modifications: Weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation, and limiting alcohol intake can improve ED.
- Oral Medications:
- Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors: Sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and others enhance the effects of NO, increasing blood flow to the penis.
- Injection Therapy: Intracavernosal injections of medications like alprostadil can produce an erection.
- Vacuum Erection Devices: These devices create a vacuum around the penis, drawing blood into the corpora cavernosa.
- Surgical Options:
- Penile Implants: Devices surgically inserted into the penis to allow manual control of erections.
- Vascular Surgery: To repair blood vessel issues in cases of severe ED.
Prognosis
- Depends on Underlying Cause: The prognosis is generally favorable if the underlying cause, such as hormonal imbalance, psychological factors, or cardiovascular disease, is identified and treated. Lifestyle modifications, medication, or therapy can significantly improve symptoms.
- Chronic Conditions: If ED is related to chronic health issues like diabetes or vascular disease, symptom management is possible but may require ongoing treatment. Success rates for treatment, such as oral medications, are high, with up to 70-80% of men experiencing improvement.
Peyronie’s Disease
Peyronie’s disease is a condition characterized by the development of fibrous scar tissue inside the penis, leading to curved, painful erections. This can result in difficulty during sexual intercourse and psychological distress.
Etiology and Risk Factors
- Trauma or Injury: Repeated trauma to the penis, often during sexual activity, can lead to the formation of scar tissue.
- Genetic Predisposition: Family history of Peyronie’s disease increases the risk.
- Age: The condition is more common in men over 50.
- Connective Tissue Disorders: Men with conditions like Dupuytren’s contracture are at higher risk.
Pathophysiology
Peyronie’s disease results from the formation of fibrous plaques within the tunica albuginea, the sheath of tissue surrounding the corpora cavernosa. These plaques cause abnormal curvature, shortening, or narrowing of the penis during erection. In some cases, the plaques may also lead to pain, particularly during erections.
Clinical Manifestations
- Penile Curvature: The most prominent symptom, often noticeable during erection.
- Painful Erections: Many men experience pain, especially in the early stages of the disease.
- Erectile Dysfunction: The curvature or associated pain may make it difficult to achieve or maintain an erection.
- Penile Shortening: Due to the fibrous tissue, the penis may appear shorter.
Diagnostic Approach
- Physical Examination: Palpation of the penis to detect plaques or areas of fibrosis.
- Ultrasound: Used to visualize the extent and location of fibrous plaques.
- Penile Measurements: Assessing the degree of curvature and the impact on sexual function.
Treatment
- Observation: In mild cases with minimal symptoms, a “watchful waiting” approach may be recommended.
- Medications:
- Oral Therapies: Such as vitamin E and potassium para-aminobenzoate, though their effectiveness is debated.
- Injectable Treatments: Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex) injections can break down the scar tissue, reducing curvature.
- Surgical Options:
- Nesbit Procedure: Removal or pinching of tissue opposite the plaque to reduce curvature.
- Penile Implants: For men with severe Peyronie’s disease and erectile dysfunction, implants can straighten the penis and restore function.
- Plaque Incision or Excision with Grafting: Removing the plaque and grafting tissue to restore normal penile shape.
Prognosis
- Variable Outcomes: The disease often stabilizes after the initial phase, with less than 15% of men experiencing spontaneous improvement. Most patients require treatment to manage symptoms, and while conservative therapies can reduce pain and curvature, severe cases may need surgery, which has a high success rate.
Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, particularly in older men. It is a slow-growing cancer that can often be managed successfully, especially when detected early.
Etiology and Risk Factors
- Age: Risk increases significantly after age 50.
- Family History: A family history of prostate cancer, especially in a father or brother, increases risk.
- Race: African American men are at higher risk and tend to develop prostate cancer at a younger age and with more aggressive forms.
- Diet: Diets high in red meat and low in vegetables may increase the risk.
Pathophysiology
Prostate cancer typically originates in the peripheral zone of the prostate gland. It begins as a localized growth but can eventually invade surrounding tissues or metastasize to distant organs, such as bones and lymph nodes. The growth of prostate cancer is often influenced by androgens (male hormones), particularly testosterone.
Clinical Manifestations
- Asymptomatic in Early Stages: Many men with early prostate cancer have no symptoms.
- Urinary Symptoms: As the cancer grows, it can lead to urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, weak stream, and difficulty starting urination.
- Hematuria: Blood in the urine can occur if the cancer invades the urethra or bladder.
- Erectile Dysfunction: Can be caused by the cancer itself or as a side effect of treatment.
- Advanced Disease Symptoms: Bone pain, weight loss, and fatigue if the cancer has spread.
Diagnostic Approach
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Palpation of the prostate to detect abnormalities.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer, though not definitive.
- Biopsy: A definitive diagnosis is made through a biopsy, where tissue samples are taken from the prostate and examined for cancer cells.
- Imaging: MRI and bone scans may be used to assess the extent of the disease.
Treatment
- Active Surveillance: In cases of low-risk prostate cancer, regular monitoring with PSA tests, DRE, and biopsies may be recommended.
- Surgery:
- Radical Prostatectomy: Removal of the prostate gland, often curative in localized cancer.
- Radiation Therapy: External beam radiation or brachytherapy (internal radiation) can be used to target and kill cancer cells.
- Hormone Therapy: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) reduces testosterone levels, slowing cancer growth.
- Chemotherapy: Typically reserved for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer that no longer responds to hormone therapy.
- Immunotherapy: Emerging treatments that boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
Prognosis
- Generally Favorable: The 5-year survival rate for localized or regional prostate cancer is nearly 100%, thanks to early detection and effective treatment options. Advanced or metastatic cases have a more guarded prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of around 30%, but new therapies continue to improve outcomes.
