Tooltip
.tooltip {
position: relative;
cursor: pointer;
text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 1px dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
.tooltip::before {
content: attr(data-tooltip);
position: absolute;
top: -40px; /* Trochę niżej nad słowem */
left: 50%; /* Wyśrodkowanie */
transform: translateX(-50%);
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
color: #333;
padding: 6px 12px;
border-radius: 8px;
white-space: nowrap;
opacity: 0;
visibility: hidden;
transition: opacity 0.3s ease, visibility 0.3s ease;
font-family: ‘Arial’, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0px 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
z-index: 10;
}
.tooltip:hover::before {
opacity: 1;
visibility: visible;
}
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, function () {
const wordsToTooltip = {
“Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)”: “Zespół policystycznych jajników”,
“common endocrine disorder”: “częste zaburzenie endokrynologiczne”,
“women of reproductive age”: “kobiety w wieku rozrodczym”,
“irregular menstrual cycles”: “nieregularne cykle miesiączkowe”,
“excess androgen levels”: “nadmiar androgenów”,
“polycystic ovaries”: “jajniki policystyczne”,
“leading cause of infertility”: “główna przyczyna niepłodności”,
“metabolic complications”: “powikłania metaboliczne”,
“insulin resistance”: “insulinooporność”,
“increased risk of cardiovascular disease”: “zwiększone ryzyko chorób sercowo-naczyniowych”,
“Etiology and Risk Factors”: “Etiologia i czynniki ryzyka”,
“Genetic Predisposition”: “Predyspozycje genetyczne”,
“family history of PCOS”: “historia rodzinna PCOS”,
“metabolic syndrome”: “zespół metaboliczny”,
“Insulin Resistance”: “Insulinooporność”,
“elevated insulin levels”: “podwyższony poziom insuliny”,
“stimulate androgen production”: “stymulowanie produkcji androgenów”,
“Hormonal Imbalance”: “Zaburzenia hormonalne”,
“luteinizing hormone (LH)”: “hormon luteinizujący”,
“follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)”: “hormon folikulotropowy “,
“anovulation”: “brak owulacji”,
“Obesity”: “Otyłość”,
“hormonal imbalances”: “zaburzenia hormonalne”,
“Environmental Factors”: “Czynniki środowiskowe”,
“diet and lifestyle choices”: “dieta i styl życia”,
“endocrine-disrupting chemicals”: “substancje zaburzające funkcje endokrynologiczne”,
“Pathophysiology”: “Patofizjologia”,
“hormonal imbalance”: “zaburzenie hormonalne”,
“disrupt normal ovarian function”: “zakłócenie normalnej funkcji jajników”,
“insulin secretion”: “wydzielanie insuliny”,
“theca cells”: “komórki osłonki”,
“follicular development”: “rozwój pęcherzyków”,
“multiple small cysts in the ovaries”: “liczne małe torbiele w jajnikach”,
“hirsutism”: “hirsutyzm”,
“acne”: “trądzik”,
“Clinical Manifestations”: “Objawy kliniczne”,
“Amenorrhea”: “Brak miesiączki”,
“oligomenorrhea”: “skąpe miesiączkowanie”,
“heavy menstrual bleeding”: “obfite krwawienie miesiączkowe”,
“Hirsutism”: “Hirsutyzm”,
“Excessive hair growth”: “Nadmierny porost włosów”,
“face, chest, and back”: “twarz, klatka piersiowa i plecy”,
“Oily Skin”: “tłusta skóra”,
“Androgen-driven skin changes”: “Zmiany skórne spowodowane androgenami”,
“Obesity and Weight Gain”: “Otyłość i przyrost masy ciała”,
“abdominal weight gain”: “przyrost masy w okolicy brzucha”,
“worsening insulin resistance”: “pogorszenie insulinooporności”,
“Infertility”: “Niepłodność”,
“difficulty conceiving”: “trudności z zajściem w ciążę”,
“Acanthosis Nigricans”: “Rogowacenie ciemne “,
“dark, velvety skin patches”: “ciemne, aksamitne plamy na skórze”,
“neck and underarms”: “szyja i pachy”,
“Diagnostic Approach”: “Podejście diagnostyczne”,
“Hormonal Testing”: “Badania hormonalne”,
“increased LH/FSH ratio”: “zwiększony stosunek LH/FSH”,
“insulin levels”: “poziom insuliny”,
“Pelvic Ultrasound”: “USG miednicy”,
“multiple ovarian cysts”: “liczne torbiele w jajnikach”,
“Glucose Tolerance Test”: “Test tolerancji glukozy”,
“glucose metabolism”: “metabolizm glukozy”,
“Exclusion of Other Disorders”: “Wykluczenie innych schorzeń”,
“Thyroid function tests”: “Badania funkcji tarczycy”,
“prolactin levels”: “poziom prolaktyny”,
“congenital adrenal hyperplasia”: “wrodzony przerost nadnerczy”,
“Treatment”: “Leczenie”,
“Lifestyle Modifications”: “Zmiany stylu życia”,
“Diet, exercise, and weight management”: “Dieta, ćwiczenia i kontrola masy ciała”,
“improve insulin sensitivity”: “poprawa wrażliwości na insulinę”,
“Oral Contraceptives”: “Doustne środki antykoncepcyjne”,
“regulate menstrual cycles”: “regulacja cykli miesiączkowych”,
“Metformin”: “Metformina”,
“insulin-sensitizing agent”: “lek zwiększający wrażliwość na insulinę”,
“Anti-Androgens”: “Leki antyandrogenne”,
“spironolactone”: “spironolakton”,
“reduce hirsutism and acne”: “redukcja hirsutyzmu i trądziku”,
“Fertility Treatments”: “Leczenie niepłodności”,
“Clomiphene citrate”: “Cytrynian klomifenu”,
“letrozole”: “letrozol”,
“induce ovulation”: “indukcja owulacji”,
“Psychological Support”: “Wsparcie psychologiczne”,
“anxiety, depression, or body image concerns”: “lęk, depresja lub problemy z obrazem ciała”,
“Complications”: “Powikłania”,
“Type 2 Diabetes”: “Cukrzyca typu 2”,
“chronic insulin resistance”: “przewlekła insulinooporność”,
“Metabolic Syndrome”: “Zespół metaboliczny”,
“high blood pressure”: “nadciśnienie”,
“high blood sugar”: “wysoki poziom cukru we krwi”,
“abnormal cholesterol levels”: “nieprawidłowe poziomy cholesterolu”,
“Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer”: “Przerost i rak endometrium”,
“prolonged anovulation”: “przedłużający się brak owulacji”,
“unopposed estrogen”: “niezrównoważony estrogen”,
“Cardiovascular Disease”: “Choroby sercowo-naczyniowe”,
“Infertility”: “Niepłodność”,
“Prognosis”: “Rokowanie”,
“Chronic Condition”: “Choroba przewlekła”,
“lifestyle changes”: “zmiany stylu życia”,
“medication and regular monitoring”: “leki i regularne monitorowanie”,
“control symptoms”: “kontrola objawów”,
“reduce risk of complications”: “redukcja ryzyka powikłań”,
“early intervention”: “wczesna interwencja”,
“ovaries”: “jajniki”,
“fallopian tubes”: “jajowody”,
“pelvic peritoneum”: “otrzewna miednicy”,
“Retrograde Menstruation”: “Wsteczna menstruacja”,
“Pelvic Pain”: “Ból miednicy”,
“Dyspareunia”: “Dyspareunia (ból podczas stosunku)”,
“dysmenorrhea”: “Bolesne miesiączkowanie”,
“Dyschezia”: “Dyschezja (ból podczas wypróżniania)”,
“intercourse”: “Stosunek płciowy”,
“rectum”: “Odbytnica”,
“bloating”: “Wzdęcia”,
“constipation”: “Zaparcia”,
“diarrhea”: “Biegunka”,
“endometriosis”: “Endometrioza”,
“Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs”: “Niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne (NLPZ)”,
“Hormonal Contraceptives”: “Antykoncepcja hormonalna”,
“Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists”: “Agoniści gonadoliberyny (GnRH)”,
“Progestins”: “Progestageny”,
“Laparoscopic Excision”: “Laparoskopowe wycięcie”,
“Hysterectomy”: “Histerektomia”,
“in vitro fertilization”: “Zapłodnienie in vitro”,
“Chronic Pelvic Pain”: “Przewlekły ból miednicy”,
“Ovarian Cancer”: “Rak jajnika”
};
// Normalize keys in the dictionary
const normalizedWordsToTooltip = {};
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(wordsToTooltip)) {
const cleanedKey = key.replace(/(.*?)/g, ”).trim(); // Remove anything in parentheses
normalizedWordsToTooltip[cleanedKey.toLowerCase()] = value;
}
function processNode(node) {
if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE && node.nodeValue.trim()) {
let content = node.nodeValue;
// Regex to match only the main words (ignores parentheses)
const regex = new RegExp(
`b(${Object.keys(normalizedWordsToTooltip).join(‘|’)})b`,
‘gi’
);
if (regex.test(content)) {
const wrapper = document.createElement(‘span’);
wrapper.innerHTML = content.replace(regex, (match) => {
const tooltip = normalizedWordsToTooltip[match.toLowerCase().trim()];
return `
${match}`;
});
node.replaceWith(wrapper);
}
} else if (node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(processNode);
}
}
document.querySelectorAll(‘body *:not(script):not(style)’).forEach((element) => {
Array.from(element.childNodes).forEach(processNode);
});
});
Podświetlanie tekstu z notatkami
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
.highlight {
background-color: #cce7ff; /* Highlight color without notes */
position: relative;
display: inline;
}
.highlight.with-note {
background-color: #ffeb3b; /* Highlight color with notes */
}
.note-box {
position: absolute;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: #333;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 1.6;
padding: 10px 15px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
max-width: 250px;
z-index: 1000;
white-space: normal;
text-align: left;
display: none; /* Hidden by default */
}
.note-controls {
position: absolute;
top: -30px;
right: -30px;
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
z-index: 10;
opacity: 0;
pointer-events: none;
transition: opacity 0.3s;
}
.note-controls.visible {
opacity: 1;
pointer-events: all;
}
.note-controls span {
cursor: pointer;
background-color: gray;
color: white;
padding: 5px 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
}
.note-controls span:hover {
background-color: darkgray;
}
document.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”, () => {
/**
* Checks if an element is a header.
*/
const isHeaderElement = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.tagName.match(/^H[1-5]$/)) {
return true;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return false;
};
/**
* Checks if an element is inside a table cell.
*/
const isInsideTable = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.tagName === “TD” || node.tagName === “TH”) {
return node;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return null;
};
/**
* Checks if an element belongs to the same list item.
*/
const isWithinSameListItem = (selection) => {
if (selection.rangeCount === 0) return false;
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
const startContainer = range.startContainer;
const endContainer = range.endContainer;
const getClosestListItem = (node) => {
while (node) {
if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.tagName === “LI”) {
return node;
}
node = node.parentNode;
}
return null;
};
const startListItem = getClosestListItem(startContainer);
const endListItem = getClosestListItem(endContainer);
// Ensure selection is within the same list item
return startListItem === endListItem;
};
/**
* Validates the selection.
* Ensures the selection is within a single header, table cell, or list item.
*/
const isSelectionValid = (selection) => {
if (selection.rangeCount === 0) return false;
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
const startContainer = range.startContainer;
const endContainer = range.endContainer;
const startInHeader = isHeaderElement(startContainer);
const endInHeader = isHeaderElement(endContainer);
// Block selection spanning headers
if (startInHeader !== endInHeader) {
return false;
}
const startCell = isInsideTable(startContainer);
const endCell = isInsideTable(endContainer);
// Block selection spanning table cells
if (startCell && endCell && startCell !== endCell) {
return false;
}
// Block selection spanning multiple list items
if (!isWithinSameListItem(selection)) {
return false;
}
return true;
};
/**
* Highlights the selected text.
*/
const wrapTextWithHighlight = (range) => {
const fragment = range.extractContents();
const highlight = document.createElement(“span”);
highlight.className = “highlight”;
highlight.appendChild(fragment);
range.insertNode(highlight);
const noteControls = document.createElement(“div”);
noteControls.className = “note-controls visible”;
const editNote = document.createElement(“span”);
editNote.textContent = “✎”;
editNote.title = “Edit note”;
noteControls.appendChild(editNote);
const removeHighlight = document.createElement(“span”);
removeHighlight.textContent = “x”;
removeHighlight.title = “Remove highlight”;
noteControls.appendChild(removeHighlight);
highlight.style.position = “relative”;
highlight.appendChild(noteControls);
let noteBox = null;
const updateNotePosition = () => {
const rect = highlight.getBoundingClientRect();
if (noteBox) {
noteBox.style.top = `${rect.height}px`;
noteBox.style.left = `${rect.width / 2}px`;
}
};
const hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay = () => {
setTimeout(() => {
noteControls.classList.remove(“visible”);
if (noteBox) noteBox.style.display = “none”;
}, 3000);
};
// Show controls for 3 seconds after highlighting
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
highlight.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
noteControls.classList.add(“visible”);
if (noteBox) noteBox.style.display = “block”;
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
});
editNote.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
const noteText = prompt(“Add or edit a note:”, noteBox?.textContent || “”);
if (noteText) {
if (!noteBox) {
noteBox = document.createElement(“div”);
noteBox.className = “note-box”;
highlight.appendChild(noteBox);
}
noteBox.textContent = noteText;
noteBox.style.display = “block”;
highlight.classList.add(“with-note”);
updateNotePosition();
hideControlsAndNoteAfterDelay();
}
});
removeHighlight.addEventListener(“click”, () => {
const parent = highlight.parentNode;
while (highlight.firstChild) {
parent.insertBefore(highlight.firstChild, highlight);
}
parent.removeChild(highlight);
if (noteBox) noteBox.remove();
});
};
/**
* Handles the mouseup event to validate and apply highlighting.
*/
document.body.addEventListener(“mouseup”, () => {
const selection = window.getSelection();
if (selection.rangeCount > 0 && selection.toString().trim()) {
if (!isSelectionValid(selection)) {
alert(“Zaznaczenie musi być w obrębie jednego akapitu, komórki tabeli lub punktu listy!”);
selection.removeAllRanges();
return;
}
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
wrapTextWithHighlight(range);
selection.removeAllRanges();
}
});
});
Szacowany czas lekcji:
26 minut
.lesson-duration-container {
background-color: #f0f4f8; /* Szarawe tło dopasowane do reszty strony */
padding: 8px 15px; /* Wewnętrzny odstęp */
border-radius: 8px; /* Zaokrąglone rogi */
font-family: ‘Roboto’, Arial, sans-serif; /* Czcionka Roboto, jeśli dostępna */
font-size: 16px; /* Rozmiar tekstu */
color: #6c757d; /* Ciemny szary kolor tekstu */
display: inline-block; /* Wyświetlanie jako element blokowy */
margin-bottom: 20px; /* Odstęp na dole */
border: none; /* Bez obramowania */
}
.lesson-duration-label {
font-weight: 700; /* Pogrubienie dla etykiety */
color: #6c757d; /* Ciemny szary kolor dla etykiety */
margin-right: 5px; /* Odstęp od wartości */
}
.lesson-duration-value {
color: #6c757d; /* Ciemny szary kolor dla wartości */
font-weight: 700; /* Pogrubienie dla wartości */
}
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. PCOS is a leading cause of infertility and is associated with metabolic complications such as insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Etiology and Risk Factors
- Genetic Predisposition: A family history of PCOS or metabolic syndrome increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance is a significant contributing factor, leading to elevated insulin levels, which stimulate androgen production in the ovaries.
- Hormonal Imbalance: An increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) and a relative decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) contribute to anovulation.
- Obesity: Obesity exacerbates insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances.
- Environmental Factors: Diet and lifestyle choices, along with possible exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, may influence PCOS development.
Pathophysiology
PCOS is characterized by a hormonal imbalance where elevated insulin and androgens disrupt the normal ovarian function. Insulin resistance leads to increased insulin secretion, which promotes androgen production by the theca cells in the ovaries. This excess androgen inhibits follicular development, resulting in anovulation and the formation of multiple small cysts in the ovaries. The hormonal imbalance also causes the typical symptoms associated with PCOS, such as hirsutism and acne.
Clinical Manifestations
- Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, or heavy, prolonged menstrual bleeding.
- Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth on the face, chest, and back due to high androgen levels.
- Acne and Oily Skin: Androgen-driven skin changes.
- Obesity and Weight Gain: Predominantly abdominal weight gain, worsening insulin resistance.
- Infertility: Difficulty conceiving due to anovulation.
- Acanthosis Nigricans: Dark, velvety skin patches, particularly in areas like the neck and underarms, indicating insulin resistance.
Diagnostic Approach
- Hormonal Testing: Elevated androgens, increased LH/FSH ratio, and insulin levels.
- Pelvic Ultrasound: To identify multiple ovarian cysts, typically arranged around the periphery of the ovary.
- Glucose Tolerance Test: To assess insulin resistance and glucose metabolism.
- Exclusion of Other Disorders: Thyroid function tests, prolactin levels, and screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Treatment
- Lifestyle Modifications: Diet, exercise, and weight management to improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance.
- Medications:
- Oral Contraceptives: To regulate menstrual cycles and decrease androgen production.
- Metformin: An insulin-sensitizing agent that helps reduce insulin resistance and improve ovulation.
- Anti-Androgens: Such as spironolactone to reduce hirsutism and acne.
- Fertility Treatments: Clomiphene citrate or letrozole to induce ovulation in women who desire pregnancy.
- Psychological Support: Counseling for anxiety, depression, or body image concerns associated with PCOS.
Complications
- Type 2 Diabetes: Due to chronic insulin resistance.
- Metabolic Syndrome: A cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol levels.
- Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer: Resulting from prolonged anovulation and unopposed estrogen stimulation of the endometrium.
- Cardiovascular Disease: Higher risk due to metabolic abnormalities.
- Infertility: Ongoing difficulties with conception if anovulation is not treated.
Prognosis
- Chronic Condition: PCOS is a lifelong condition that can be managed but not cured. With lifestyle changes, medication, and regular monitoring, many women can control symptoms and reduce the risk of complications like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and infertility. Early intervention and long-term management improve overall health outcomes.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, commonly affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic peritoneum. This condition can lead to significant pelvic pain, particularly during menstruation, and is also associated with infertility. Despite being a common condition, it often goes undiagnosed for many years due to the variability of symptoms and the lack of awareness.
Etiology and Risk Factors
- Retrograde Menstruation: This theory suggests that menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity, leading to the implantation of endometrial cells outside the uterus.
- Immune System Dysfunction: An immune system that fails to recognize and eliminate endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus may contribute to the development of endometriosis.
- Genetic Factors: A family history of endometriosis increases the likelihood of developing the condition, indicating a potential genetic predisposition.
- Other Factors: Early onset of menstruation, prolonged menstrual periods, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may also increase the risk.
Pathophysiology
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, similar to normal endometrial tissue. This ectopic tissue proliferates and bleeds during menstruation, leading to chronic inflammation, scar tissue formation, and adhesion development. The inflammatory response contributes to the symptoms experienced by patients, including pain and organ dysfunction.
Clinical Manifestations
- Pelvic Pain: Chronic or cyclic pelvic pain is the most common symptom, often exacerbated during menstruation (dysmenorrhea).
- Dyspareunia: Pain during intercourse, which may be due to the presence of endometrial tissue on the pelvic structures.
- Dyschezia: Painful bowel movements, particularly if endometrial tissue is present on or near the rectum.
- Infertility: Endometriosis is found in approximately 30-50% of women with infertility.
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Symptoms such as bloating, constipation, or diarrhea may occur, especially during menstruation.
- Urinary Symptoms: Painful urination, particularly during menstrual periods.
Diagnostic Approach
- Pelvic Examination: A healthcare provider may feel for cysts or scars behind the uterus during a physical exam.
- Ultrasound: This imaging test can help identify cysts associated with endometriosis (endometriomas) but may not detect all cases.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of the pelvic organs and can help in identifying deep infiltrating endometriosis.
- Laparoscopy: The gold standard for diagnosis; a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows direct visualization of the pelvic organs and the ability to biopsy suspicious lesions.
Treatment
- Pain Management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen for pain relief.
- Hormonal Therapy:
- Hormonal Contraceptives: Birth control pills, patches, or rings to help regulate or eliminate menstruation.
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists: Reduce estrogen production, leading to a decrease in endometrial tissue growth.
- Progestins: Help to suppress the growth of endometrial tissue.
- Surgical Intervention:
- Laparoscopic Excision: Surgical removal of endometrial lesions and adhesions.
- Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus, potentially with the ovaries, in severe cases.
- Fertility Treatments: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be considered for women struggling with infertility.
Complications
- Infertility: Endometriosis can lead to structural changes in the reproductive organs, increasing the risk of infertility.
- Chronic Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain can affect quality of life and mental health.
- Adhesion Formation: May lead to bowel obstructions or complications during surgery.
- Ovarian Cancer: Women with endometriosis have a slightly increased risk of certain types of ovarian cancer, though the overall risk remains low.
Prognosis for Endometriosis
- Variable Outcomes: The prognosis varies widely among individuals. While many women experience symptom relief with medical or surgical treatments, about 20-40% may continue to have chronic pain and fertility issues. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan can significantly improve quality of life and manage symptoms effectively.